As urbanisation and industrialisation continue to shape our environments, concerns about the impact of air pollution on human health are growing. In recent years, research has uncovered a compelling link between air pollution and an increased risk of Parkinson's disease, as stated by Parkinson’s Foundation.
To explore the mechanisms through which air pollution may elevate the risk of developing Parkinson's and the implications for public health, the team of OnlyMyHealth spoke to Dr Pavan Pai, Consultant Neurologist and Stroke Specialist, Wockhardt Hospitals, Mira Road.
How Does Air Pollution Increase The Risk Of Parkinson’s Disease?
While genetics play a role in Parkinson's susceptibility, environmental factors, including air pollution, can interact with genetic predispositions. Some individuals may be more vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of pollutants, increasing their risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
“Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement. Symptoms include tremors, stiffness, slowness of movement, and impaired balance. It's caused by the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain,” explained Dr Pai.
The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain characterises Parkinson's disease. Studies suggest that certain air pollutants, including specific heavy metals, may target and damage these neurons. The depletion of dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for motor function, is a hallmark of Parkinson's.
Explaining how air pollution may contribute to Parkinson’s Disease, “Air pollution may contribute to Parkinson's by exposing individuals to neurotoxic substances. Fine particulate matter can enter the brain, promoting inflammation and oxidative stress, which are implicated in Parkinson's development.”
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Inflammation Causes Parkinson’s Disease
Air pollution-induced inflammation extends to the brain, leading to neuroinflammation. This chronic brain inflammation is thought to contribute to the degeneration of neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies—abnormal protein aggregates found in the brains of individuals with Parkinson's.
Epidemiological studies have identified geographic patterns linking higher levels of air pollution to an increased prevalence of Parkinson's disease. Regions with elevated air pollution levels often exhibit higher rates of Parkinson's cases, further supporting the association.
The growing body of evidence linking air pollution to Parkinson's disease underscores the importance of addressing environmental factors in public health strategies. Implementing air quality regulations, promoting cleaner energy sources, and raising awareness about the potential health risks of air pollution are essential steps toward mitigating this risk.
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As research continues to unravel the intricate relationship between air pollution and Parkinson's disease, it becomes increasingly clear that the air we breathe may impact our neurological health. Understanding the mechanisms at play allows us to advocate for cleaner environments, enact policy changes, and work towards a future where individuals are less exposed to the detrimental effects of air pollution, ultimately reducing the risk of Parkinson's disease.
