Health Risks Of Exercising In Poor Air Quality: What A Pulmonologist Recommends Instead

Yet again, Delhi's air quality plunges into the 'very poor' category, with the latest AQI at 316, according to the Central Pollution Control Board's (CPCB) data. Ideally, an AQI of 50 or below indicates good air quality, whereas anything above 300 is considered hazardous. Therefore, amid poor air quality, experts recommend staying indoors and urge people to avoid exercising outdoors. Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Sathish C Reddy S, Consultant-Interventional Pulmonology, CARE Hospitals, HITEC City, Hyderabad, discussed the health risks associated with the same.

Outdoor Exercising Is Beneficial But Not When The Air Quality Is Bad

In general, regular exercise is highly beneficial. It not only improves brain health but also helps promote healthy weight, reduces the risk of heart disease, and strengthens bones and muscles, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

But as compared to indoor exercising, outdoor workouts are usually a more preferred way of keeping physically active and are said to provide greater benefits. This is because outdoor exercise is supposed to introduce us to cleaner air. In fact, indoor air is said to be more polluted than outdoor air, even in big cities, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

Also Read: Study Finds Moderate Or Vigorous Exercise May Boost Heart Health

However, given the current scenario and the concerning AQI levels in the National Capital, that is definitely not the case, which is why exercising outdoors is not an option, at least not for now.

Dr Reddy said, “Exercising in poor air quality poses significant health risks, primarily due to increased inhalation of pollutants. Long-term exposure may exacerbate respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

He added, “Exposure to air pollution has been associated with the development and progression of chronic respiratory diseases and infections, lung cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and even adverse neurological effects. It can also alter the development of both immune function and lung mechanics.”

Who Should Completely Avoid Exercising In Bad Air Quality?

According to Dr Reddy, individuals with pre-existing respiratory issues, the elderly, and children are particularly susceptible to heightened symptoms and compromised lung function due to air pollution.

A study published in Breathe suggests that people with respiratory conditions should beware of air pollution, as it can cause flare-ups of the symptoms, including asthma attacks, COPD exacerbations, difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, and irritation.

Indoor Exercising: Is It Safe?

“Apart from outdoor pollution, one should also look at ways to avoid indoor pollution,” said Dr Reddy, advising, “Restrict the use of indoor pollutants like agarbattis, dhoop, and other sources of smoke; use air purifiers and plants that help combat indoor pollution; and keep your home well-ventilated in order to maintain a healthier respiratory environment.”

“People who take regular inhaler medication should continue using it regularly,” she added.

Also Read: Weak Pelvic Floor Can Be Strengthened With THESE 5 Effective Exercises

Modify Your Exercise Routine

If you’re someone who likes to exercise outdoors, here’s how to protect your lungs:

• Monitor air quality indices and choose times with lower pollution levels for outdoor exercise 
• Modify your exercise routines during periods of poor air quality; prefer daytime for exercising outside since the air is heavier in the early morning and late evening 
• Opt for indoor activities, such as gym workouts, home yoga, or aerobics, to minimise exposure to outdoor pollutants
• Go for regular check-ups with healthcare professionals, especially if you have respiratory concerns

Conclusion

When we're exposed to air pollution, we're also exposed to an increased risk of adverse health issues. This includes not just respiratory infections but also heart disease and certain types of cancer (lung cancer). Therefore, while exercising in general is a good practice for both physical and mental well-being, indulging in it outdoors amid poor air quality can be harmful. When pollution levels are high in your region, avoid stepping outdoors and exercise indoors.